Ultrasound Based Flow Measurements of the Left and Right Carotid System of Arteries in Bangladeshi Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carotid arteries are the major supply to the head, neck and brain. The right common carotid artery usually originates from the brachiocephalic artery while the left common carotid artery arises as a direct branch of the arch of the aorta. Common carotid arteries bifurcate at the level of the carotid sinus into the internal carotid artery, which supplies the brain, and the external carotid artery. Approximately 15–20% of the cardiac output is distributed to the brain in healthy adults under resting conditions. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. US 2017 statistics shows that cerebrovascular disease or Stroke alone ranked fifth for males but fourth for females. Ultrasonography can measure the velocity of blood flow in the Carotid system of arteries. A total 139 patients, who underwent Carotid Duplex study between July 2021 and June 2022 were included in this cross-sectional study. The criteria for exclusion included age less than 13 years, presence of associated peripheral vascular diseases, hemodynamically unstable patients, incomplete data collection and patient’s reluctance to join the study. Data analysis was performed using MS Office Excel. The Peak systolic velocity and the End diastolic velocity were measured at four levels, namely the Common carotid arteries and the Internal carotid arteries on the right and the left sides. No significant difference was observed in the Peak systolic velocity and the End diastolic velocity in either Common carotid or the internal carotid arteries between the right and left sides. Moreover, these findings were similar both in age groups above and below 50 years of age. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2023; 38(2): 110-114
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".