Efficient Visual Perception of Human-Robot Walking Environments Using Semi-Supervised Learning
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Convolutional neural networks trained using supervised learning can improve visual perception for human-robot walking. These advances have been possible due to largescale datasets like ExoNet and StairNet - the largest open-source image datasets of real-world walking environments. However, these datasets require vast amounts of manually annotated data, the development of which is time consuming and labor intensive. Here we present a novel semi-supervised learning system (ExoNet-SSL) that uses over 1.2 million unlabelled images from ExoNet to improve training efficiency. We developed a deep learning model based on mobile vision transformers and trained the model using semi-supervised learning for image classification. Compared to standard supervised learning (98.4%), our ExoNet-SSL system was able to maintain high prediction accuracy (98.8%) when tested on previously unseen environments, while requiring 35% fewer labelled images during training. These results show that semi-supervised learning can improve training efficiency by leveraging large amounts of unlabelled data and minimize the size requirements for manually annotated images. Future research <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{will}$</tex> focus on model deployment for onboard real-time inference and control of human-robot walking.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it