Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter adopts and expands David Bebbington’s view that revivalism in the last quarter of the nineteenth century was a transatlantic affair. This is especially important with Dwight L. Moody, who is built into the historiography of American evangelicalism as an example of American Exceptionalism. In fact, as documented here, in the years 1868–1872 he self-consciously acquired his theological education from Open Brethren in Dublin, notably at Merrion Hall. In the period 1872–1875, he engaged in an “experiment” in the United Kingdom. He learned the techniques of urban revivalism in the British Isles and these he brought back to North America where he was spectacularly successful. So too were the educational institutions that he founded, based upon English models. Moody’s theology was vague, but compelling. He preached the need for a decisive conversion, the permanency of salvation, and the loving nature of the Almighty. He affirmed the literal Second Coming and the millennium, but did not endorse any specific dispensational scheme.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".