IgE, but not allergens, induces the release of neutrophil extracellular traps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Neutrophils play an important role in innate immunity.To eliminate pathogens they use several mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).It was recently shown that neutrophils can degranulate under the influence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as they express receptors for IgE.The impact of IgE on the release of NETs has not been investigated thus far.Aim: To investigate if neutrophils can release NETs following IgE, anti-IgE or allergen stimulation.Material and methods: Neutrophils were isolated by gradient centrifugation from peripheral blood obtained from sensitized patients and healthy blood donors.Basophil activation was measured using flow cytometry.The presence of NETs following IgE, anti-IgE and allergen stimulation was evaluated quantitatively by fluorometry and qualitatively by fluorescent microscopy.Results: IgE stimulated NETs release in a concentration-dependent manner, causing the greatest release at 2.86 µg/ml.NETs release under IgE stimulation was significantly stronger in allergic subjects comparing with non-allergic ones, and seemed to be independent of FcεRI expression.IgE-dependent NETs release was significantly decreased following treatment with N-acetylcysteine and 4-aminobenzoic acid.Anti-IgE and allergens did not affect NETs release.Conclusions: Neutrophils can release NETs in the presence of a high concentration of IgE, which appears to be partially dependent on the allergic status of the patient and the production of ROS.This finding may contribute to better understanding of inflammatory processes accompanied by atopic diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".