Wavelength-Space Parity-Time Symmetric Optoelectronic Oscillator Using a Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A wavelength-space parity-time (PT) symmetric optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with the gain/loss balance implemented using a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed OEO, two optical carriers at two different wavelengths are employed to form two coupled wavelength-space OEO loops, with one wavelength reflected from the top of the CFBG refection spectrum and the other from the slope of the refection spectrum, thus making one OEO loop have a gain and the other a loss. Once the gain and loss coefficients are matched and the gain coefficient is greater than the coupling coefficient, PT symmetry is broken, and a single-frequency oscillation is enabled. The operation of the proposed OEO is evaluated by an experiment. A microwave signal at 6.19 GHz is generated. The side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is measured to be 32 dB and the phase noise is measured to be -118 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 10 kHz. The stability of the OEO is also studied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".