Developing a Sprayed-Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Retrofitting System for Decommissioned Wooden Utility Poles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wooden utility poles are vulnerable to degradation and decay, which requires maintenance or replacement. The strengthening and retrofitting techniques for wooden poles are either prone to corrosion or encountering installation difficulties. However, the use of sprayed fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites seems to be a viable solution as it has proven its efficiency and applicability for reinforced concrete members and connections. This study includes a comprehensive experimental program where the mechanical properties of the sprayed-glass FRP (GFRP) composite was evaluated in terms of tensile, compressive and shear strength, in addition to its bond strength to wood and confinement efficiency. Afterwards, the results of the material testing phase were implemented on full-scale old utility poles to evaluate their structural performance with varying composite thicknesses and sprayed zone lengths. The behavior of the retrofitted poles reflected remarkable effectiveness for the sprayed-GFRP composite and highlighted the need for a design model for the optimum length for the sprayed zone. Two simplified analytical models were introduced which predicted the failure loads and locations for the tested poles and estimated the required length for the retrofitted zone, which all agreed well with the experimental results of the tested poles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".