Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter reviews the one‐carbon compounds with chlorinated, brominated, or iodinated substituted side groups. At ambient temperatures, methyl chloride and methyl bromide are gases; iodoform and methylene chlorobromide are solids; and the remaining seven chemicals in this chapter are volatile, nonflammable liquids. The nonflammability has been an important property for the uses of these chemicals as solvents. Most, if not all, of the chemicals in this chapter are produced in closed‐system facilities. Three of the chemicals (methyl bromide, carbon tetrachloride, and methylene chlorobromide) are ozone‐depleting substances and are tightly regulated under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Thus, these chemicals are restricted to feedstock or intermediate uses where, by definition, it is used and entirely consumed, except for trace quantities, and certain exempt applications. For the other chemicals in this chapter, the primary, if not exclusive, uses are as feedstocks or intermediates in the production of other chemicals, the exception being methyl iodide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.053 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".