Air Bubble Position Effect on Phase Change Material Melting in a Semi-Cylindrical Container: A Thermal Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents a thorough thermal analysis of the impact of air bubble position on the melting of a phase change material (PCM), specifically paraffin wax (RT58), within a semi-cylindrical container.The enthalpy-porosity technique and ANSYS/FLUENT 16 software were employed to conduct a numerical examination of the process.Three distinct air bubble positions were considered for their effects on the melting of paraffin; these positions included the bottom, center, and top of the container.The outcomes from these configurations were compared with a reference case devoid of air bubbles.It was observed that the presence of an air bubble naturally expedited the dissolution process, despite the increased volume of the PCM due to the inclusion of the air bubble.Notably, air bubbles located at the top or bottom of the container were found to reduce the time required for the dissolution process by 6%, compared to when the air bubble was situated at the center of the container.The findings from this study offer potential avenues for enhancing the heat transfer capabilities of PCMs, materials widely employed in diverse applications such as solar energy storage, electronic cooling systems, and building insulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".