Morphology Control of Ball-Milled Si-Ti Alloy Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Reduced surface area Si-Ti alloy anode materials for Li-ion batteries were prepared by ball milling. Using a high Ti content of 40 atomic % results in low surface area (23 m2/ml) alloy, but also results in a low (∼100 mAh g−1) capacity. It was found that by utilizing a two-step ball milling method and controlling the milling time, a high Si content (Si0.85Ti0.15) alloy with an amorphous active Si phase and a high capacity (1600 mAh g−1) could be synthesized that has a reduced surface area (34 m2/ml) compared to the same alloy made by conventional methods (41 m2/ml). When utilized as anodes in lithium cells, the low surface area alloy showed an initial improvement in coulombic efficiency, but low and high surface area alloys had similar coulombic efficiency after 50 cycles. This was found to be due to massive increases in surface area that occur during cycling, which overwhelm any initial difference in alloy surface area prior to cycling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".