Bibliographic record
Abstract
After running Turkey with a neoliberal reformist agenda in the 2000s, Erdoğan and his Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) made a Turco-Islamist turn in the early 2010s. Defining the turn as restitutive Islamism, this paper explains it by Erdoğan’s ethno-religious ideas and political strategies. More specifically, the paper argues that his dormant Turco-Islamist ideas, shaped in the first wave of Islamicization in the 1970s and 1980s, were reactivated by two – one internal and one external – triggers in the late 2000s: (1) escalation of mass protests and military-juridical scheming by the conservative-laicist bloc against the AKP rule; and (2) failure of the European Union to meaningfully engage in accession negotiations with Turkey. Putting to use his effective communication skills, keen sense of domestic and international juncture, and knack for building and breaking alliances, Erdoğan also relied on the institutional legacy of Kemalism for advancing the cause of Turco-Islamism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".