CHRONIC ALCOHOL-INDUCED ENCEPHALOPATHY: PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Predicting the risk of cognitive dysfunction and disability in everyday life among chronic alcohol-induced encephalopathy (CAIE) patients allows timely treatment to prevent dementia. The aim: to develop a mathematical model for predicting the risk of developing cognitive disorders and functional disability in patients with CAIE based on the analysis of polymorphic variants of the genes ACE, AT2R1, eNOS, PON1, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, as well as cofactors (gender, age group, the disease duration, and presence/absence of somatic comorbidity). Materials and methods: We examined the 102 patients with CAIE who were undergoing inpatient treatment in the communal non-profit enterprise «Ternopil Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital» during 2021-2022 and were included in the retrospective analysis. The molecular-genetic testing was performed for 26 patients of the general group. The molecular-genetic differentiation of the studied polymorphic variants of genes was carried out in the molecular-genetic laboratory of the state institution «Reference Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine», Kyiv. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Test (MoCA); activities of daily living were assessed using the Barthel index. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk of cognitive impairment and functional disability developing in patients with CAIE. Results: Analyzing polymorphic variants of the ACE, AT2R1, eNOS, PON1, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α genes, as well as such cofactors as gender, age group, history and presence/absence of somatic comorbidity in the context of the development of cognitive disorders in patients with CAIE it has been established that the C108T polymorphism of the PON1 gene has the most significant prognostic value (in the presence of the T/T genotype, the probability of cognitive impairment is 39.84 %). At the same time, carriage of both the T allele and the C allele of the PON1 gene is associated with a significant decrease in the MoCA score. Regarding the development of functional disability in patients with CAIE, the C108T polymorphism of the PON1 gene also has the most significant prognostic value (in the presence of the T/T genotype, the probability of functional disability is 48.08 %, respectively, C/C – 30.96 % and CT – 39.22 %, however, no statistically significant differences in the Barthel index values were found in carriers of the above genotypes). Conclusions: It was established that the C108T polymorphism of the PON1 gene is significantly associated with the development of cognitive impairment and functional disability in patients with CAIE, which indicates the feasibility of further studies involving a larger sample of patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".