Characteristics of Detachable III-V Solar Cells Grown on Porous Germanium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
III-V photovoltaic cells typically use germanium (Ge) as a substrate for the epitaxial growth, however, this material contributes significantly to the overall price of the multijunction solar cells. In order to reduce the environmental and economic cost of the solar cells, we have developed a porosification technique using bipolar electrochemical etching (BBE) to create a weak layer between the Ge substrate and the epitaxial layers. This approach allows the easy separation of the grown layers and the subsequent reuse of germanium. As evidence of the potential of this method, we have compared the performances of non-detached single-junction III-V solar cells grown and fabricated (without anti-reflection coating-ARC) on porosified Ge, and on bulk Ge as a reference. All the final cells show mirror-like monocrystalline III-V layers with comparable characteristics notably concerning the Voc (VocGePorous=0.862V vs VocGeBulk=0.882V) and good efficiencies (Eff.GePorous=13.03% vs Eff.GeBulk=15.96%) in comparison with current literature values on similar substrates (Vocliterature= 0.75V and FFliterature=61%). These promising results open the path toward thin III-V solar cells and multiple Ge substrates reuse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".