Longitudinal free‐water changes in dementia with Lewy bodies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Diffusion‐weighted MRI (dMRI) examines tissue microstructure integrity and white matter pathways in vivo. Prior dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) studies focused on white matter or voxel‐based techniques. Less is known about longitudinal white and grey matter microstructural changes in DLB. We aimed to characterize longitudinal diffusion microstructural changes in individuals with DLB. Method dMRI scans were collected on individuals with DLB from the Mayo Clinic Longitudinal Imaging Biomarkers of DLB Program. Demographics, clinical evaluations and MRI were collected at baseline, and 12‐ or 24‐months. Free water (FW) and FW‐corrected fractional anisotropy (FAT) were analyzed in grey and white matter using 122 bilateral template regions and tracts of interest from the Mayo Clinic Adult Lifespan Template. Primary outcomes were differences in FW and FAT between baseline and 12‐ or 24‐months. Result We identified 23 individuals with DLB or mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB) from baseline to 12‐months [mean age 69.3 years (SD 9.5); 95.8% male], and 16 individuals from baseline to 24‐months [mean age 67.5 years (SD 9.3); 100% male]. Participants at both time‐points showed worsening in Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor scores (p<0.05). We found significant differences in FW, but not FAT, from baseline to 12‐months. Significant increases in FW at both time‐points compared to baseline were observed in the insula, putamen, parahippocampal, and rolandic operculum regions (pfdr<0.05). We found additional more widespread microstructural changes from baseline to 24‐months, with increased FW in the amygdala, entorhinal, mid and posterior cingulum, inferior frontal, hippocampal, pallidum, precuneus and retrosplenial regions (pfdr<0.05). We found decreased FAT from baseline to 24‐months in the cerebellar and superior occipital regions (pfdr<0.01). Conclusion Longer follow‐up at 24‐months identified broader networks of free water changes in individuals with DLB. Results support dMRI as a promising, non‐invasive tool to track disease progression in DLB. More investigation is needed to evaluate the relationship of microstructural changes with clinical progression in DLB.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".