The pain assessment checklist for seniors with limited ability to communicate-II (PACSLAC-II): Translation, cultural-functional adaptation, and psychometric testing in an Austrian population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to translate, culturally-functionally adapt, and test the psychometric properties of the German Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate-II (PACSLAC-II-G).Methods: The scale was translated and adapted according to the ISPOR principles. PACSLAC-II-G was tested for its psychometric properties in 107 cognitively and verbally impaired geriatric nursing hospital residents.Results: Internal consistency of PACSLAC-II-G was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = .752). Inter-rater reliability showed high observed percentage agreement (Po = 72% – 100%). Content validity could not be established. Convergent validity of PACSLAC-II-G rated high with the total scores of BESD (= PAINAD) (ρ = .743, p < .001) and with Doloplus-2 (ρ = .816, p < .001).Conclusions: PACSLAC-II-G was in part reliable and valid in this population sample.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".