Health Assessment of Solid Insulation of Mineral Oil-Filled Converter Transformer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The furan prediction in the transformer oil can provide information about the oil degradation rate and overall health of the oil-filled transformer. For this study, the furan content in mineral oil of a 300 MVA converter transformer installed at ±500 kV HVDC inverter station is taken. Six features are taken as input to the machine learning model to predict the furan content for predictive maintenance of the converter transformer, i.e., carbon monoxide, carbon-di-oxide, acidity, breakdown voltage, total combustible gases, and water content. A hybrid ML model is developed consisting of a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory network (CNN-LSTM) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Then, the mean absolute percentage error with recursive weighting (MAPE-RW) technique is employed to combine the predictions of two models to achieve better outcomes than a single model. For this purpose, a total of 350 data are collected from the local utilities for training and testing. Moreover, a total of 41 numbers of data are collected from the converter transformer for validation of the proposed model. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by mean absolute error, root means squared error, and coefficient of determination. The hybrid model is also compared with other models to show its efficacy and robustness. Depending upon the furan prediction, converter transformer insulation health is classified into three classes for preventive maintenance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".