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Post-acute COVID-19 neuropsychiatric symptoms are not associated with ongoing nervous system injury
Maxime Taquet, Zuzanna Skórniewska, Henrik Zetterberg, John Geddes, Catherine Mummery, James D. Chalmers, Ling‐Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Olivia C. Leavy, Matthew Richardson, Omer Elneima, Hamish McAuley, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Ruth Saunders, Victoria Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Parisa Mansoori, Neil Greening, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B Docherty, Nazir Lone, Jennifer K Quint, William Greenhalf, Louise V. Wain, Christopher E. Brightling, Paul J. Harrison, Ivan Koychev, A Shikotra, Rachael A Evans, Rowan Dowling, Simon J. Finney, Christopher E. Overton, Tatiana Plekhanova, Chris Taylor, S. Terry, Catherine Tong, Benhua Zhao, Elizabeth Sapey, Charlotte E. Bolton, Nigel J. Brunskill, Edwin R. Chilvers, Ratko Djukanović, Y Ellis, Daniel Forton, Neil French, Jon C. George, Lorcan McGarvey, Nick Maskell, Helen McShane, Miles Parkes, D. Peckham, Paul Pfeffer, Avan Aihie Sayer, Aziz Sheikh, A. A. Roger Thompson, Nicholas S. G. Williams, Malcolm G. Semple, Milton Ashworth, Hayley Hardwick, Lara Lavelle-Langham, Will Reynolds, M Sereno, Victoria Shaw, B Venson, Ewan M. Harrison, Luke Daines, Robert C. Free, S Kerr, Riinu Pius, Matthew Richardson, Mathew Thorpe, Mark Halling‐Brown, Fergus Gleeson, S Aslani, Peter Jezzard, H. Lamlum, W. Lilaonitkul, Elizabeth M. Tunnicliffe, J Willoughby, Helen Baxendale, J D Chalmers, Bibek Gooptu, Gísli Jenkins, D. Jones, Claudia Langenberg, John E. Pearl, Markus Ralser, Naveed Sattar, T. Shaw, Daniel Thomas, Dean Wilkinson, Liam G. Heaney, Anthony De Soyza, Davies Adeloye, John Busby, John R. Hurst, Petr Novotný, K Poinasamy, Igor Rudan, Manu Shankar‐Hari, S Walker, Bang Zheng, J R Geddes, Matthew Hotopf, Kathryn M. Abel, Rizwan Ahmed, L. Allan, David Baguley, David Baldwin, Clive Ballard, Kamaldeep Bhui, Gerome Breen, Matthew R. Broome, Traolach Brugha, Edward T. Bullmore, David J. Burn, Felicity Callard, J. Cavanagh, Trudie Chalder, Diane Clark, Anda David, J.F.W. Deakin, Hannah Dobson, Brian Elliott, Jonathan Evans, Richard Francis, Elspeth Guthrie, Akram A. Hosseini, Nathan T. M. Huneke, Masud Husain, Thomas Jackson, Ian A. Jones, Tousif Kabir, Pádraig T. Kitterick, Ania Korszun, Janice Kwan, Anne Lingford‐Hughes, R. Hamish McAllister‐Williams, K McIvor, Lea Milligan, Richard Morriss, Elizabeta B. Mukaetova‐Ladinska, Kevin J. Munro, Alejo Nevado‐Holgado, Timothy R. Nicholson, Stella‐Maria Paddick, Carmine M. Pariante, John Pimm, Kathryn J. Saunders, Michael Sharpe, Gemma Simons, Rachel Upthegrove, Simon Wessely, Gerry P McCann, Shannon Amoils, Charalambos Antoniades, Amitava Banerjee, Robert M. Bell, Anda Bularga, Phil Chowienczyk, John P. Greenwood, Alun D. Hughes, L. Kingham, Cathy Lawson, Kenneth Mangion, Nicholas L. Mills, Alastair J. Moss, Amar Sattar, Cathie Sudlow, Mark Toshner, Peter Openshaw, Doris Altmann, J. Kenneth Baillie, Rachel L. Batterham, Nicolette C. Bishop, Philip C. Calder, Jonathan L. Heeney, Tracy Hussell, Paul Klenerman, Janet M. Lord, Peter Moss, Sarah Rowland‐Jones, Wilhelm Schwaeble, Ryan S. Thwaites, Sharon Walmsley, David C. Wraith, Mugsien Rowland, Anthony Rostron, Bronwen Connolly, Daniel F. McAuley, Dhruv Parekh, Charlotte Summers, R Allen, Raminder Aul, Shaney Barratt, Paul Beirne, John Blaikley, Rachel C. Chambers, Nazia Chaudhuri, Christopher M. Coleman, Emma Denneny, Laura Fabbri, Peter M. George, Michael Gibbons, Isabella Hall, E Hufton, Ian Jarrold, G Jenkins, Mark G. Jones, S Jones, Faez Iqbal Khan, Puja Mehta, Karen Piper Hanley, Pilar Rivera‐Ortega, Laura Saunders, Jennifer Simpson, Darren Smith, Mark Spears, Lisa Spencer, Stefan Stanel, Iain Stewart, David Thickett, S Walsh, L Wright, Simon Heller, H. Atkins, S. Bain, J Dennis, Khalida Ismail, Desmond G. Johnston, Partha Kar, Kamlesh Khunti, Paul McArdle, Andrew McGovern, Tim Peto, John R. Petrie, Eleanor Robertson, Karishma Shah, Jonathan Valabhji, Bob Young, Daniel Lasserson, Lesley Price, J Rossdale, Jim M. Wild, Martin R. Wilkins, William D‐C Man, Natalie Armstrong, Eileen Baldry, Molly M Baldwin, N Basu, Michael Beadsworth, Lisa Bishop, Andrew Briggs, Mamta Buch, Gail Carson, Hector Chinoy, E Daynes, Sylviane Defres, Paul L. Greenhaff, Sharlene A. Greenwood, M Harvie, Steven MacDonald, Anne McArdle, Anne McMahon, Melitta A. McNarry, Claire M. Nolan, Catherine O’Donnell, J Sargent, Louise Sigfrid, Michael Steiner, David J. Stensel, Julie Whitney, Daisy Wilson, Miles D. Witham, Sarah Francis, Charles Laing, Kate Bramham, Papia Chowdhury, Adam Frankel, L Lightstone, Stephen P. McAdoo, Kieran McCafferty, Marlies Ostermann, Nicholas M. Selby, Claire C. Sharpe, Michelle Willicombe, Alison Shaw, Lará Armstrong, Brigid Hairsine, H Henson, C Kurasz, L Shenton, Sara Fairbairn, Amanda Dell, N Hawkings, J Haworth, M Hoare, Alice Lucey, Victoria Lewis, Georgia Mallison, H Nassa, Catherine Pennington, Angeline Price, Christopher P. Price, A. Storrie, Guillermo B. Willis, Scott Young, K Chong-James, W Y James, Adrian R. Martineau, O Zongo, Amanda Sanderson, Verity J. Brown, Thelma Craig, S Drain, Bernadette King, N Magee, D McAulay, Eugene O. Major, J McGinness, Richard Stone, A Haggar, A Bolger, Ffyon Davies, Joanne Lewis, Adam Lloyd, R Manley, E McIvor, Daniel Menzies, Kathryn J. Roberts, W Saxon, David Southern, Christian P Subbe, Victor Whitehead, H El-Taweel, Jennifer Dawson, Leanne J. Robinson, Dinesh Saralaya, L Brear, Karen Regan, Kim Storton, Jonathan Fuld, Areti Bermperi, Isabel Cruz, K Dempsey, A Elmer, S Jose, Stefan J. Marciniak, Carla Ribeiro, J. Paul Taylor, Lea C. Watson, J Worsley, R. Sabit, L Broad, A Buttress, Teriann Evans, M Haynes, L Jones, Lucy Knibbs, Alison McQueen, C Oliver, Kerry Paradowski, John Williams, Emma Harris, Claire Sampson, C. Lynch, Elin Haf Davies, C Evenden, A Hancock, Kerry Hancock, Megan Rees, L Roche, Natalie Stroud, T Thomas-Woods, Marta Babores, Joanne Bradley-Potts, M Holland, Natalie Keenan, S Shashaa, Helen Wassall, Eva Beranová, H Weston, Tracey Cosier, Luke Austin, J Deery, T Hazelton, Heiler Lozada Ramos, Reanne Solly, Sharon Turney, Lyndsay Pearce, William McCormack, S. Pugmire, William Thornley Stoker, Ann Wilson, L A Aguilar Jimenez, Sarah Betts, Karen Bisnauthsing, Amy Dewar, G Kaltsakas, Helen Kerslake, M M Magtoto, Pietro Marino, Leonardo Martín Vásquez Martínez, T S Solano, Elizabeth Wynn, W Storrar, Maria Alvarez Corral, A. Arias, Emily Bevan, Denise Griffin, Jane Martin, J. Owen, Sheila Payne, A Prabhu, Anna Reed, C Wrey Brown, Teresa Burdett, J. Featherstone, A Layton, C Mills, Lorraine Stephenson, Nicholas Easom, Paul Atkin, Khara Croswaite Brindle, Michael G. Crooks, Katie Drury, Rachel Flockton, L Holdsworth, Alicia Richards, Dominic L. Sykes, Susannah Thackray-Nocera, Clinton B. Wright, Keir Lewis, Abdelrahman Mohamed, G Ross, S Coetzee, Katherine Davies, Richard AC Hughes, Ronda Loosley, L O'Brien, Z Omar, Heather McGuinness, Emma Perkins, J Phipps, Abigail Taylor, Helen Tench, R Wolf-Roberts, Onn Min Kon, D C Thomas, S Anifowose, L. Burden, E Calvelo, Brittany Card, Caitlin Carr, Donna R. Copeland, Paul Cullinan, Patricia Daly, Lynsey Evison, T Fayzan, Howard S. Gordon, Sulaimaan Haq, Christine King, Katherine March, M Mariveles, L McLeavey, N Mohamed, S Moriera, U Munawar, J Nunag, U Nwanguma, L. Orriss-Dib, Amelia Ross, Maxim Roy, Emma Russell, Katie Samuel, J Schronce, Neil Simpson, L Tarusan, C Wood, N Yasmin, Raghunath Reddy, A-M Guerdette, Melissa Hewitt, K Warwick, Simon R. White, Aarti Shah, Caroline J. Jolley, O Adeyemi, R Adrego, H Assefa-Kebede, J Breeze, Suzanne Byrne, P Dulawan, Nicholas Hart, Adrian Hayday, A Hoare, A. Knighton, Michael H. Malim, S Patale, I Peralta, Neil Powell, A. Ramos, K Shevket, F Speranza, A Te, Andrew Ashworth, Jennifer Clarke, Carol Coupland, Mary E. D’Alton, Erin A. Wade, C Favager, J Glossop, L Hall, T Hardy, A Humphries, Jennifer Murira, Sven Plein, J Rangeley, G Saalmink, B. Whittam, Nicola Window, Jeffrey A. Woods, G Coakley, Dan Wootton, L. Allerton, A.M. All, A Berridge, Sheldon C. Cooper, Andrew Cross, Susan L. Dobson, J Earley, Kirsten Hainey, Jason E. Hawkes, V Highett, S Kaprowska, A L Key, N Lewis-Burke, G Madzamba, Flora Malein, S. Marsh, C Mears, L Melling, Maria Noonan, L Poll, John Pratt, E Richardson, Anna Rowe, K A Tripp, L O Wajero, S A Williams-Howard, J Wyles, S N Diwanji, Padmasayee Papineni, Sambasivarao Gurram, Sheena Quaid, Gerlynn Tiongson, Eleanor Watson, B Al-Sheklly, Cristina Avram, J Blaikely, Noura J. Choudhury, David Faluyi, Timothy Felton, T Gorsuch, Zunaira Kausar, Natalie Odell, R Osbourne, Kavita Radhakrishnan, Skye Stockdale, A Ayoub, G Burns, Gareth Davies, Helen L. Fisher, C Francis, A Greenhalgh, P Hogarth, Joan Hughes, Kasim Jiwa, Gareth E. Jones, Guy MacGowan, D Price, H Tedd, S Thomas, S West, S Wright, Alison L. Young, Michael McMahon, P Neill, David Anderson, Hannah Bayes, D Grieve, Iain B. McInnes, Adam D. Brown, Andrew Dougherty, K Fallon, L Gilmour, Amanda K. Morrow, K Scott, Robert Sykes, Elizabeth K. Sage, Fiona Barrett, A Donaldson, Manthankumar Patel, D Bell, R Hamil, K. Leitch, L Macliver, J Quigley, Andrew Smith, B Welsh, Gourab Choudhury, Sara Clohisey, Andrew Deans, James Furniss, Sarah Kelly, David Connell, Angela Elliott, C Deas, Sarhan Mohammed, J Rowland, A R Solstice, Debbie Sutherland, C J Tee, B Jayaraman, Teresa Light, Paula Almeida, J Bonnington, M Chrystal, C. Dupont, Ayush Gupta, Luke Howard, Wooyoung Jang, S Linford, Lauren Matthews, Robert Needham, A. Nikolaidis, S. Prosper, Karen Shaw, Andrew Thomas, Najib M. Rahman, Mark Ainsworth, Asma Khalid Alamoudi, Andrew Bates, A Bloss, Angus C. Burns, P Carter, J Chen, F Conneh, Tim Dong, Rhodri Evans, Emily Fraser, Xiaotong Fu, May Havinden-Williams, N. Kanellakis, P Kurupati, X Li, C Megson, K Motohashi, Debby Nicoll, Graham S. Ogg, Edmund Pacpaco, M Pavlides, Yanchun Peng, Nayia Petousi, Nick P. Talbot, Brijesh Patel, Ruth E Barker, D Cristiano, Natalie Dormand, Mahitha Gummadi, Samantha S.C. Kon, Kamal Liyanage, Suhani Patel, O Polgar, Pallav L. Shah, Jessica A. Walsh, Hannah Jarvis, Sema Mandal, Shazaad Ahmad, Simon Brill, L. Lim, Darwin Matila, O Olaosebikan, Chanchal Singh, L Garner, Candace Johnson, J Mackie, A Michael, Jamie Pack, Kitty Paques, Helen Parfrey, J Parmar, Nawar Diar Bakerly, Paul Dark, D Evans, E. Hardy, A Harvey, D Holgate, Susan Knight, N Mairs, Nauman Majeed, Liam McMorrow, J Oxton, John Pendlebury, Christina Summersgill, R Ugwuoke, Spence Whittaker, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, J. Bagshaw, M Begum, K Birchall, Robyn Butcher, H Carborn, Francis K.L. Chan, K Chapman, Yu Cheng, L Chetham, Cameron Clark, Z Coburn, Jason C. Cole, Michael J. Dixon, Andrea D. Fairman, J Finnigan, H Foot, David Foote, James D. Ford, R. Gregory, Kate Harrington, Lynn Haslam‐Larmer, L Hesselden, J Hockridge, A Holbourn, B Holroyd-Hind, L Holt, Alice Howell, E Hurditch, F Ilyas, C Jarman, E Lee, R Lenagh, A Lye, Irene Macharia, Michael S. Marshall, A Mbuyisa, J McNeill, S Megson, James Meiring, L Milner, S Misra, Helen Newell, Tom Newman, Chris Norman, Lorenza Nwafor, D Pattenadk, Megan Plowright, P Ravencroft, Chloe Roddis, J. Rodger, Peter Saunders, J Sidebottom, Jacqui Smith, Laurie Smith, N Steele, G Stephens, R Stimpson, B Thamu, N Tinker, K. Turner, H. Turton, Phillip Wade, James Watson, Iseult Wilson, Amira Zawia, Mohammad Ali, A Dunleavy, N Msimanga, Mark Mencias, T Samakomva, S Siddique, J Teixeira, Vera Tavoukjian, J Hutchinson, Lynne Allsop, Katherine Bennett, Philip Buckley, M. G. Flynn, Michael Gill, C Goodwin, M Greatorex, H Gregory, Cheryl Heeley, L Holloway, Manisha Holmes, Jodie Kirk, Wayne Lovegrove, T Sewell, Sarah Shelton, D Sissons, Katie Slack, Stephen M. Smith, D. Sowter, Sarah Turner, V Whitworth, Inez Wynter, L Warburton, S Painter, James Tomlinson, Carinna Vickers, Thomas W. Wainwright, Dawn Redwood, J Tilley, S. Palmer, Gwyneth A. Davies, L Connor, Amy Cook, T Rees, Favas Thaivalappil, C Thomas, Adeel A. Butt, M Coulding, Susan Kilroy, Jacqueline McCormick, J McIntosh, Heather Savill, Victoria Turner, Joanne Vere, E Fraile, J Ugoji, Harpreet Lota, G Landers, Mariam Nasseri, S Portukhay, Anil Hormis, A Daniels, J Ingham, Lisa Zeidan, Manish Chablani, Lynn Osborne, N Ahwireng, B. Bang, D Basire, Anna M. Checkley, R. Evans, M Heightman, Toby Hillman, Stephanie Janes, R Jastrub, Marc Lipman, Sarah Logan, Marta Merida Morillas, H Plant, Joanna C. Porter, Kaushik Roy, Emma Wall, Nafees Haider, Catherine Atkin, Rob Baggott, M. Bates, A Botkai, Anna Casey, Brendan Cooper, J Dasgin, K Draxlbauer, Nandan Gautam, Jon Hazeldine, T Hiwot, Sara Holden, K Isaacs, Vicky Kamwa, Virginia Lewis, S Madathil, C McGhee, Kirsty McGee, A Neal, A Newton Cox, J Nyaboko, Zhane Peterkin, H Qureshi, L Ratcliffe, John Rennie Short, T Soulsby, James Stockley, Z Suleiman, T Thompson, M. Ventura, S Walder, Christopher Welch, S Yasmin, Kay Por Yip, Paul Beckett, Caroline Dickens, Uttam Nanda, M Aljaroof, H Arnold, Hnin Aung, M Bakali, M Bakau, M Bingham, M Bourne, C Bourne, Paula Cairns, L. Carr, A Charalambou, C D C Christie, Sarah Diver, Sarah Edwards, Helen Evans, J Finch, S Glover, Nigel Goodman, B Gootpu, Kate Hadley, Pranabashis Haldar, Wadah Ibrahim, L Ingram, A Lea, D Lee, P McCourt, T Mcnally, W Monteiro, Manish Pareek, Sean Parker, A Prickett, Ibraheem Qureshi, R.J. Russell, Salman Siddiqui, Sally Singh, J Skeemer, M Soares, Elizabeth M. Stringer, Tracy Thornton, Martin D. Tobin, Tom Ward, Felix Woodhead, Ahmed Yousuf, C Childs, Simon Fletcher, M Harvey, E Marouzet, Ben G. Marshall, R Samuel, Thea Sass, T Wallis, Helen Wheeler, R Dharmagunawardena, E Bright, Philippe Crisp, M Stern, Andrew Wight, L. Charles Bailey, A Reddington, Abdul Ashish, D. James Cooper, Emma Robinson, A Broadley, Kirsten Howard, L Barman, Claire Brookes, Katherine S. Elliott, Lori Griffiths, Z Guy, D Ionita, H Redfearn, C Sarginson, Alison E. Turnbull, Katie Holmes, Asthma UK, British Lung
Bibliographic record
VenueBrain Communications · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicLong-Term Effects of COVID-19
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research CentreHORIZON EUROPE Framework ProgrammeOlav Thon StiftelsenVersus ArthritisVetenskapsrådetFamiljen Erling-Perssons StiftelseEuropean CommissionHjärnfondenDiabetes UKCystic Fibrosis TrustMarie CurieKidney Research UKWolfson FoundationMedical Research CouncilDepartment of Health and Social CareUK Research and InnovationNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchBlood Cancer UKEU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease ResearchAlzheimer's AssociationStiftelsen för Gamla TjänarinnorMQ: Transforming Mental HealthBritish Heart FoundationWellcome TrustAsthma and Lung UKAlzheimer's Drug Discovery FoundationPublic Health England
KeywordsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)MedicineNervous system2019-20 coronavirus outbreakSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Traumatic brain injuryPsychiatryInternal medicineDiseaseVirologyInfectious disease (medical specialty)
Abstract
A proportion of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 experience a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms months after infection, including cognitive deficits, depression and anxiety. The mechanisms underpinning such symptoms remain elusive. Recent research has demonstrated that nervous system injury can occur during COVID-19. Whether ongoing neural injury in the months after COVID-19 accounts for the ongoing or emergent neuropsychiatric symptoms is unclear. Within a large prospective cohort study of adult survivors who were hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, we analysed plasma markers of nervous system injury and astrocytic activation, measured 6 months post-infection: neurofilament light, glial fibrillary acidic protein and total tau protein. We assessed whether these markers were associated with the severity of the acute COVID-19 illness and with post-acute neuropsychiatric symptoms (as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression, the General Anxiety Disorder assessment for anxiety, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for objective cognitive deficit and the cognitive items of the Patient Symptom Questionnaire for subjective cognitive deficit) at 6 months and 1 year post-hospital discharge from COVID-19. No robust associations were found between markers of nervous system injury and severity of acute COVID-19 (except for an association of small effect size between duration of admission and neurofilament light) nor with post-acute neuropsychiatric symptoms. These results suggest that ongoing neuropsychiatric symptoms are not due to ongoing neural injury.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.370
Threshold uncertainty score1.000
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.326
Teacher spread0.302 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations13
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes