SOLAR ACTIVITY VARIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON IONOSPHERIC ION DENSITIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As the Sun progresses through its solar cycle and its activity increases, a greater number of sunspots occur, and solar fluxes become more intense. The change in solar activity is related to the change in electron and ion density of the ionosphere. Studying this relation is very important in terms of space plasma studies and space weather predictions, which play a significant role in radio and satellite communication as well as GPS navigation. In this paper, we are presenting the sunspot and solar flux data for solar cycle 24 (year 2008-2020). We are using C/NOFS satellite data to understand the variationof ion densities of the upper atmosphere with solar cycle 24. Our analysis shows decrease of H+ density by a factor of 10 and increase of O+ density by a factor of 10 during solar maxima. This data set can be used as a framework for future advancement in empirical modelling of regional and global ion density of the ionosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".