The Lateral Supraorbital Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INDICATIONS: The lateral supraorbital approach (LSO), a minimally invasive alternative to the pterional approach, can be used for anterior circulation aneurysms (except distal anterior cerebral artery), some posterior circulation aneurysms, and tumors located around the sellar and suprasellar regions. ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS: Performing one-layer myocutaneous flap that is retracted anteriorly, exposure of the superior temporal line, and zygomatic process of the frontal bone and the inferior limit of the craniotomy represent the upper edge of the Sylvian fissure, exposing the anterolateral skull base. ESSENTIALS STEPS: Skin incision behind the hairline, one-layer myocutaneous flap retracted anteriorly, minimal detachment of the temporalis muscle, burr hole over the superior temporal line, and craniotomy of 4 cm in diameter (inferior limit of the craniotomy represents the Sylvian fissure). PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS: Potential risks include opening of the frontal sinus, entering the orbit and exposure of the orbital fat, wrong craniotomy location, and limited exposure. Inadequate craniotomy size limits instruments maneuverability. To avoid complication, identification of anatomic landmarks, sinus closure, preoperative evaluation of computed tomography scans, and use of neuronavigation are necessary. This requires surgical expertise and familiarity of minimal invasive craniotomies. VARIANTS/REASONS: Anatomic limitations of the LSO include temporomesial region, distal Sylvian +/-, posterior communicating artery aneurysms medial projection, retro carotid space, and carotid cave. For pathologies requiring an additional lateral trajectory, we use an extended LSO, drilling the sphenoid wing through the fronto-pterio-orbital window without drilling of the temporal bone. Additional variations include performing an intradural or extradural clinoidectomy. The patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of their image.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".