Serge JAUMAIN (dir.), Les immigrants préférés : les Belges, Ottawa, Presses de l'université d'Ottawa, 1999, 193 p.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RésuméLes sources pour évaluer les transformations de la population de la ville de Damas au xixe siècle ne sont pas abondantes. Cet article en propose un bilan et une critique qui montre la faible fiabilité des données disponibles et la nécessité d'en vérifier la cohérence. Cet examen est d'autant plus important que Damas a échappé aux premiers recensements organisés par l'administration ottomane et qu'ensuite, les services de l'état civil de ce chef-lieu de province laissent longtemps à désirer. Ainsi, au contraire de l'idée habituellement admise, les chiffres publiés dans les annuaires officiels de la Sublime Porte ne sont pas beaucoup plus fiables que ceux proposés par les voyageurs et les agents consulaires. Enfin, la comparaison de Damas avec quelques autres grandes villes du Proche-Orient témoigne d'une dynamique démographique assez faible.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".