Thomas A. BREDEHOFT, Early English Metre , Toronto-Buffalo-Londres, University of Toronto Press, 2005 ; 1 vol. in-8°, VIII-183 p. ( Toronto Old English Series ). ISBN : 0-8020-3831-X. Prix : USD 65 ; GBP 42.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
P. STABEL, Guild organisation and artistic production in Bruges at the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Early Modern Period The production of works of art in late medieval cities was characterized by important shifts. Despite the so-called rigidity of guild regulation, Bruges entrepreneurs were often capable of developing new products and organise their markets in fl exible ways. Artisan’s careers can be explained in this logic of fl exibility and adaptation. Geographic and social mobility and the relative open character of guilds do not exclude in any way patterns of social exclusion and polarisation within the structures of the guild of Saint Luke. Painters and other artisans involved in the production and sale of luxury commodities do not differ that much from those employed in the textile or service industries. Regulation was relatively fl exible and open and aimed a defi ning rules of conduct on matters of social hierarchy, product quality and modes of payment, rather than on contracts of apprenticeship, relations between entrepreneurs and their employees, between masters and their families, between artisans and merchant or between retailers and their customers, which all were defined by individual negotiation, for which the guild provided a forum.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.077 | 0.030 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".