Urticaria Heralding Breast Cancer: Case Report and Literature Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes are relatively rare and occur due to aberrant immune, endocrine, or metabolic stimulation by cancer cells 1 and cause symptoms due to the generation of autoantibodies, cytokines, hormones, or peptides rather than direct tumor infiltration or metastasis 2-3 . Paraneoplastic syndromes are estimated to affect up to 8% of patients with cancer 3 . Treatment of a paraneoplastic syndrome involves treating the underlying malignancy, which usually, but not always, leads to the resolution of a patient's symptoms 4 . Paraneoplastic manifestations of breast cancer, including hypercalcemia, Sweet syndrome, dermatomyositis, and granulocytosis, are reported in the literature 5 . Urticaria as a paraneoplastic syndrome of breast cancer has only been reported three times in the English literature 5-7 . This report describes the case of a 43-year-old woman presenting with a 3-year history of monoclonal antibody refractory chronic diffuse urticaria that preceded the diagnosis of, and only resolved after treatment of, a luminal A breast cancer with surgery and adjuvant radiation. A review of the published literature on urticaria in breast cancer patients is also presented and discussed. Clinicians should be aware that breast cancer can present with generalized urticaria refractory to medical management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".