Binding of carotenoids to proteins: a review
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic natural pigments distributed in plants, certain types of algae, fungi and animals. The extensive conjugated double bond system in carotenoids is responsible for their unique color, antioxidant capacity and provide health benefits. However, the hydrophobic nature of carotenoids impacts their color and bioactivity during the development of food products due to their low solubility in aqueous media. The complexation of these molecules with proteins has proven to be an efficient approach for enhancing carotenoid’s solubility and protection against oxidative degradation and hence improving their functional properties and biological activities. This review compiles the molecular interactions between carotenoids and proteins, their physiological relevance, potential applications and characterization of their binding affinities, stabilities, and activities in terms of in-silico analysis and beyond. Overall, the deep understanding and interpretation of binding at the molecular level provide fundamental aspects for the inclusion of carotenoid bioactive compounds in fortified foods and pharmaceuticals.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it