Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The Atlantic inventory of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) and its changes between 1990 and 2010 are investigated by applying the transit time distribution (TTD) method to anthropogenic tracer data. In contrast to previous TTD applications, here we take into account the admixture of old waters free of anthropogenic tracers. The greatest difference to other methods based on direct carbon observations is the higher Cant storage in the deep ocean. The results from the TTD method better reflects the observed distribution of other transient tracers such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Changes in oceanic circulation/ventilation are important on the regional scale. The enhanced upwelling of older water in the Southern Ocean and the decline in the convection depth in the Labrador Sea lead to deviations of the inferred Cant increase between 1990 and 2010 from the rate equivalent to a steady state ocean. For the total Atlantic Cant inventory, however, decadal ventilation variability of individual water masses is partially compensating each other, and the effect is small due to the much higher flushing time for the total Atlantic of the order of hundreds of years. The total Cant inventory increases from 39.7 ± 7.7 Pg C in 1990 to 54.6 ± 9.5 Pg C in 2010, almost in unison with the rising CO2 in the atmosphere. Only a reduction of the Atlantic ventilation over several decades would severely change this relationship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.022 | 0.019 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.198 | 0.164 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".