MLS laser in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy—late effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is a chronic microvascular complication and one of the most common complications of diabetes. Diabetes changes mainly the sensory function, most often symmetrically, which facilitates the development of ulcers and they in turn are a prerequisite for the development of diabetic neuro-osteoarthropathy (Charcot’s foot). Neuropathic pain, which often accompanies diabetic polyneuropathy, is still a challenge for conventional pharmacological therapy. The treatment plan also includes a non-pharmacological method of treatment, such as photobiomodulation, which includes lasers. The Multiwave Locked System (MLS) is a class IV near infrared (NIR) diode laser, characterized by combining and synchronizing two emissions with different wavelengths—λ-808 nm in constant mode and λ-905 nm in pulsed mode. Aim : The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term effect of MLS laser radiation in patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Materials and Methods : Twenty patients of both sexes, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy, were treated with MLS laser radiation. The high-energy laser M6 from ASA Laser, Italy was used. The therapeutic technique used was in two stages: scanning of the foot (100–175 cm²) of the two lower limbs with MLS fixed, robotic multidiode device (remote method), and treatment of seven fields, on each lower limb, each with an area of 3.14 cm², with MLS single-diode hand applicator (contact method). The therapeutic course included 9 procedures distributed within 3 working weeks, 1 procedure per day, every other day, a total of 3 procedures per week. A short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) was used as a subjective indicator. Nerve conduction parameters were used for objectifying treatment results, namely: distal latency, amplitude of action potential and conduction velocity in sensory nerve, n. suralis and motor nerve, n. peroneus. Results : There is a significant reduction in pain intensity in both men and women immediately after the end of the therapeutic course. The strength of the pain in women, on the 90th day from the beginning of the treatment, does not retain its value from the end of the treatment course, but remains significantly lower than its initial levels. Nerve conduction parameters showed an increase in the amplitude of the action potential, bilaterally for n. suralis and n. peroneus, as well as an increase in the conduction velocity of n. suralis and n. peroneus on the left, on the 90th day. Conclusion: The high-energy MLS laser has the potential to be an effective therapy for painful diabetic neuropathy, as it is able to modify the pain and electroneurographic parameters of peripheral nerve function with lasting effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".