Endmember Analysis of Overlapping Handwritten Text in Hyperspectral Document Images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) uses large portions of the electromagnetic spectrum to obtain information from images that would be very difficult to get otherwise. An important task in forensic analysis of documents is to extract signatures for authentication. Signatures in documents often overlap with other parts of a document such as typed text or stamps and hence it is difficult to retrieve them. In this work we present a novel algorithm for recovering signatures from hyperspectral images of documents where signatures overlap typed text, seals, stamps, or other images. We used pure pixel index approaches to analyze the hyper-pixels corresponding to regions where overlaps occur and spectral classification methods to analyze the extracted channels’ information and to separate the overlapping signatures. We used the structural similarity index to validate the extracted signatures. Our experimental results highlight the capability of the proposed algorithm to recover signatures with great precision in HSI document images.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".