Mlo-Mediated Broad-Spectrum and Durable Resistance against Powdery Mildews and Its Current and Future Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
found first in barley, originally in an induced mutant in 1942 and later in other mutants and also in Ethiopian landraces. The first commercial varieties possessing Mlo resistance were released during 1979-1986, but these often showed symptoms of necrotic leaf spotting associated with reduced grain yield. However, this yield penalty was successfully reduced by breeding Mlo-resistant varieties of spring barley predominate in Europe; for example, in the Czech Republic, their ratio surpassed 90% of the total number of newly released varieties. However, outside Europe, Mlo-varieties are not yet popular and can be exploited more widely. Winter barley varieties are generally non-resistant, but the use of Mlo for their breeding is controversial despite the limited adaptability of the pathogen to this resistance. The renewal of mechanically disturbed epidermal plant cell walls, including the penetration of mildews, is common in plants, and the Mlo-type resistance is exploited in many other crop species, including wheat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".