Screening of the Bacterial Consortium Related to the Microcystin-LR Degradation Isolated From the Marine Area, Isahaya-Bay, and the Freshwater Area, Isahaya-Shin-ike-Pond, Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eutrophication is still a severe global problem, and cyanobacterial microcystins (MCs) have been detected in sea areas such as harbors and coastal regions in addition to freshwater areas. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the fate of MCs in sea areas. In Japan, Isahaya-Shin-ike-Pond, a freshwater area divided by the dike from Isahaya-bay, Nagasaki-prefecture, has eutrophicated, and cyanobacterial blooms have occurred sometimes. Water in Isahaya-Shin-ike-Pond is regularly discharged to Isahaya-bay to control the water levels in Isahaya-Shin-ike-Pond. Some researchers in Japan detected MCs from the sediment sample of Isahaya-bay; thus, MCs discharged from Isahaya-Shin-ike-Pond could be threatening the environment in Isahaya-bay. In this regard, some bacterial consortiums were isolated from Isahaya-Shin-ike-Pond and Isahaya-bay, which might degrade Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the highly toxic representative MCs. In this report, we screened and determined the MCs degradation activity in these bacterial consortiums. As a result, we found that all bacterial consortiums degrade MC-LR. Furthermore, the HPLC chromatogram had the peak of substance-like intermediate of MC-LR decomposition. Consortium collected from approximately 4,900 m offshore from the dike degraded 97% of MC-LR. Although the bacterial communities in these consortiums differed, Bacillus sp. was in both consortiums collected from Isahaya-Shin-ike-Pond and Isahaya-bay. Because some strain of Bacillus sp. has the potential for MCs degradation, it might play an essential role in these bacterial consortiums. These results indicate that the bacteria degrade MCs even though MCs are discharged from the Isahaya-Shin-ike-Pond to Isahaya-bay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".