Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi , which causes Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, is endemic throughout Central and South America, Mexico, and the southern parts of United States. It can also infect non-endemic regions like Canada, Europe, Australia, and Japan. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Chagas disease is the third most contagious disease in Latin America, the most prevalent parasitic disease, and the most prevalent poverty promoted neglected tropical disease (NTD) with a high morbidity rate. Today, Chagas disease is a serious public health issue that affects millions of people globally. It is estimated that 6–8 million individuals are infected with the disease, and another 65–100 million are at risk of contracting it. Triatominae bug bites, blood transfusions, organ transplants from infected donors, maternal-fetal transmission, and, less frequently, eating food contaminated with infected triatominae bugs or their feces are the main ways that Chagas disease is spread. A persistent cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, or, less frequently, megacolon or megaesophagus develop in about 30% of infected people over time. The disease is diagnosed by molecular, serological, and parasitological methods. Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, two nitro heterocyclic medications created in the 1970s, are the only available commercial choices with a known level of efficacy. The effectiveness of these medications is only adequate during an illness, and the effectiveness of the medications throughout the chronic phase is questionable. Developing new pharmaceutical alternatives, efficient therapies, or vaccinations is inevitably becoming more and more necessary. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive update and appropriate strategies for the continuation of the successful initiatives against Chagas disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.127 | 0.062 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".