Tibiotarsal Subcutaneous Xanthogranuloma in a Rose-breasted Cockatoo (Eolophus roseicapilla): A Case Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Xanthogranuloma (xanthoma) presents as a rare, non-infectious granulomatous lesion with a yellowish and soft appearance. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia are believed to be the underlying causes of this lesion. Xanthoma has been identified in vertebrates and humans. Objectives: This report presents a case of cutaneous xanthogranuloma located in the tibiotarsal region of a 5-year-old rose-breasted cockatoo (Eolophus roseicapilla) fed with high-fat diets. Methods: The cockatoo underwent anesthesia using isoflurane administered through a face mask connected to an Ohmeda anesthesia machine. The mass was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and representative sections were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, frozen sections were obtained and stained with the Oil Red O technique. Results: Upon histopathologic examination of routine H&E slides, vacuolated macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells were noted in addition to cholesterol clefts and heterophilic infiltrates. Oil Red O staining was performed to detect intracellular and extracellular lipid content. Xanthogranulomas invaded the surrounding tissues, necessitating complete surgical excision. The lesion did not recur during the 1-month follow-up, but the patient died due to respiratory disorders. Conclusion: Stress and high-lipid feed consumption were considered the predisposing factors to xanthogranuloma development in this bird.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".