Interplay between intervalley scattering and impact ionization induced by intense terahertz pulses in InSb thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we reveal the intricate interplay between two major nonlinear terahertz (THz) effects: intervalley scattering and impact ionization, generated by an intense few-cycle THz pulse in an undoped (100) indium antimonide semiconductor at room temperature. Our results show an initial transmission enhancement when increasing the peak electric field up to 91 kV/cm, followed by increased absorption for higher fields. Our analytical model explains that the THz strength of 91 kV/cm, is the critical field where the bleaching of absorption (induced by intervalley scattering of electrons in the conduction band) is dominant below this field, whereas above it impact ionization starts to be the dominant energy loss mechanism. The temporal and amplitude change of the total average effective carrier mass and the total carrier density allow us to monitor the THz strength fields where each scattering effect plays a dominant role. We find that the change in the carrier populations is not the only factor that influences the current density, but indeed the average drift velocity of each valley is also a decisive factor, which is derived from the carrier momentum change. The developed theoretical model match very well qualitatively and quantitatively with the experimental results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".