Forest leaf litter beetles of Taiwan: first DNA barcodes and first insight into the fauna
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the publication of 953 DNA barcodes of forest leaf litter beetles from central Taiwan, in total representing 334 species of 36 beetle families. This is the first bulk of data from the Taiwanese Leaf Litter beetles project focused on uncovering the under-explored diversity of leaf litter beetles across Taiwan. Based on these data, we provide the first records of the following taxa for Taiwan: family Sphindidae (genusAspidiphorusZiegler, 1821); tribes Trichonychini, Ctenistini, and Bythinoplectini (all Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae); generaGyrelonHinton, 1942,ThyroderusSharp, 1885,CautomusSharp, 1885 (all Cerylonidae),DermatohomoeusHlisnikovský, 1963 (Leiodidae),ParaploderusHerman, 1970 (Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae),ThinocharisKraatz, 1859 (Staphylinidae: Paederinae),CephennodesReitter, 1884,NapoconnusFranz, 1957 (both Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae),BicavaBelon, 1884 (Latridiidae),OtibazoMorimoto, 1961,SeleucaPascoe, 1871 andAcallinusMorimoto, 1962 (all Curculionidae); species Oodes (Lachnocrepis) japonicus (Bates, 1873) (Carabidae: Licininae),Drusilla obliqua(Bernhauer, 1916) (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) andCoccotrypes advenaBlandford, 1894 (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). The records ofAnapleusHorn, 1873 (Histeridae) andBatraxisReitter, 1882 (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) have been confirmed. The male ofSivacrypticus taiwanicusKaszab, 1964 (Archeocrypticidae) is described for the first time.Gyrelon jenpaniHu, Fikáček & Matsumoto,sp. nov.(Cerylonidae) is described, illustrated, and compared with related species. DNA barcodes associated larvae of 42 species with adults, we are concisely illustrating some of these:Oodes japonicus, Perigona cf. nigriceps Dejean, 1831 (both Carabidae),Ptilodactylasp. (Ptilodactylidae),Maltypus ryukyuanusWittmer, 1970 (Cantharidae),Drusilla obliqua,Myrmecocephalus brevisulcus(Pace, 2008),Diochussp.,Mimopinophilussp. (all Staphylinidae),Stelidota multiguttataReitter, 1877,Lasiodites inaequalis(Grouvelle, 1914) (both Nitidulidae),Lagria scutellarisPic, 1910, andAnaedus spinicornisKaszab, 1973 (both Tenebrionidae). We also report the first cases ofRickettsiainfections in Scydmaeninae and Pselaphinae. All data (sequences, metadata, and voucher photos) are made public in BOLD database and in a Zenodo Archive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".