Designing EV charging stations deployment through holistic simulations: the SANEVEC project
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine the optimal location of the large number of urban public charging stations that will have to be deployed in the following years to transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is a challenging task, as it is intimately interconnected with the complexity of urban traffic and electric grid operation. The city is a complex system in which emerging patterns such as traffic jams, and instabilities or even outages in the electric grid are difficult to predict. The layout of charging stations can alter those patterns in traffic and electric grid operation, with consequences to mobility, air quality, and electric system. The present article presents the concept under the research project SANEVEC. It will build a framework for the optimal determination of the location of EV charging stations in a city based on simulation, which will be able to reproduce the feedback effects between all the variables involved: locations of the stations, traffic patterns, characteristics, and operation of the electricity grid, charging fees and air quality in the city. It will employ artificial intelligence methods to find high-quality station location solutions from the simulations and to predict the air quality in the city.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".