Smart tourism destination (STD): developing and validating an impact scale using residents’ overall life satisfaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smart tourism destinations (STDs), driven by technological advancements, aim to increase travellers' experiences and residents' quality of life.However, the existing research primarily focuses on the perspectives of tourists while neglecting the attitudes of residents.Residents' attitudes will impact their support of local smart tourism development.Without residents' support, STD-related projects may face failure, as exemplified by the case of the Google smart city in Toronto.The present study fills this gap by exploring how residents perceive the impact of STD in their communities through the development and validation of an impact scale.Said scale is rigorously conceptualized as a formative multidimensional construct with 19 items across four dimensions: smart economy, smart travel/tourism, smart environment, and smart governance.This study offers a valuable measurement tool to recognize the perceptual determinants of STD on residents' overall life satisfaction and also provides a novel approach to evaluate the effectiveness of STDs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".