Hungary and Poland: The Two Antemurales in the Late Fifteenth Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze and confront the two conceptions—Polish and Hungarian—of Antemurale Christianitatis developed in the late fifteenth century. It is based, in the first part, on the published correspondence between King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–90) and Pope Sixtus IV (1471–84). These documents are interesting because they allow us to follow the duplicity of the policies practised by Matthias. Taking advantage of his involvement in the struggle against the Turks, the Hungarian king sought to attain other goals. The second part of the article is based on the political works of an Italian humanist living in Poland, Philippus Buonaccorsi, called Callimachus. I compare the attitudes of two then-hostile kingdoms, which earlier (in the time of Władysław Warneńczyk, d. 1444) and later (in the time of Władysław Jagiellończyk, d. 1516, and his son Ludwik, d. 1526) were connected by personal union and dynastic ties, respectively, towards the problem of Antemurale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".