Mechanochemical and Aging-Based Reductive Amination with Chitosan and Aldehydes Affords High Degree of Substitution Functional Biopolymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chitosan is readily available from various biomass waste streams including crustaceans, cephalopods, insects, and fungus. The polymer possesses primary amine groups which are great handles for functionalization. Yet efficient functionalization with high degree of substitution is challenging to achieve via solvothermal methods due to limitations in chitosan solvation properties. Herein we report a mechanochemical and aging-based method directly addressing this point. Working in the solid-phase helps stabilize the formation of Schiff bases from chitosan and aldehydes, affording a novel pathway to the green functionalization of chitosan by reductive alkylation, with unprecedentedly high degrees of substitution. The method showed great efficacy and compatibility for chitosan to be functionalized with 21 different aldehyde substrates and a low process mass intensity (PMI) of 36. This work also opens a new avenue for the development of mechanochemical and aging-based reductive amination transformations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".