Effect of hemispherical roughness spacing on double-averaged turbulence characteristics for different flow submergence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The double-averaged (DA) turbulence characteristics over rough bed comprising of hemispherical elements with different spacing ( p/ r = 2, 4, 6, and 8; p = pitch distance; r = height of hemisphere) is quantified for three flow-submergences ( h/ r = 7.14, 5.35, 3.57; mean flow-depth ( h) = 20 cm, 15 cm, and 10 cm). The production and dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy are maximum at and below the crest level. Within interfacial sublayer, the degree of anisotropy is observed to be maximum for p/ r = 4 and the tendency for the return to isotropy is strongest for p/ r = 8 in the outer layer. The turbulence generated in the bottom region is still present in the outer region for low flow-submergences. The turbulence strength is maintained in the roughness order (descending) as p/ r = 4 > 2 > 6 > 8 > plane bed; wherein the change in flow-submergence does not change this order.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".