Adaptive divergence of seasonal heart plasticity between Canadian and Spanish pumpkinseed sunfish populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Laboratory experiments suggest that reversible changes in the heart ventricle phenotype of fish accompany acclimation to temperature change to maintain cardiac function, but related work in fish living in natural conditions is scant. We investigated seasonal variation in heart ventricular mass and collagen content in pumpkinseed sunfish ( Lepomis gibbosus ) living in outdoor ponds where they experienced high seasonality conditions. Additionally, we compared populations adapted to high and low seasonality to evaluate potential divergence in seasonal heart plasticity. Heart ventricular mass decreased in the summer compared to colder seasons only in populations adapted to high seasonality. The absence of seasonal variation in ventricular mass in sunfish adapted to low seasonality was not due to changes in foraging activity, suggesting a loss of ventricle size plasticity due to either costs of plasticity or relaxed selection. Seasonal variation in ventricle collagen content also occurred, with the highest collagen content in summer regardless of population adaptation to high or low seasonality. Only the proportion of thick collagen fibres changed across seasons. We conclude that natural seasonal cues induce plastic responses in some functional heart traits and propose that these responses can rapidly diverge among populations under different seasonal regimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".