The Therapeutic Effects of Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid on the Physical Functioning of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osteoarthritis of the knee joints is one of the most disabling diseases among the elderly because it causes limitations affecting many daily activities, and this results a large economic burden on public health. According to the date from the Bureau of National Health Insurance in 2000, the total expenditure of money on total knee replacements due to osteoarthritis reached 2.63 billion dollars, which was the second place in all inpatient medical expenses.The natural course of osteoarthritis of the knee joints is a gradual degeneration. As a result, treatments are aimed at pain alleviation, improving the joint's range of motion and functioning, and improving the patient's quality of life. This study enrolled patients with osteoarthritis of the bilateral knee joints. Five hyaluronic acid (Unihylon Dispo) injections at weekly intervals into the bilateral knees were carried out. Outcome measures, including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and tests for assessing physical functioning (knee range of motion, lower limb strength and the sit to stand test), were evaluated before and after the intervention on physical functioning.A total of 21 patients completed the study. There were statistically significant improvement in the WOMAC pain subscore, stiffness subscore and total score. There was also a trend towards improvement in the WOMAC physical function subscore. Among the various tests assessing physical functioning, there was a significant improvement in the knee flexion range of motion. However, stabilization phase duration and the total time for the sit to stand test were not significantly decreased.Overall, in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints, the intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid resulted in an improvement in physical functioning and this support the use of hyaluronic acid when treating knee osteoarthritis. (Tw J Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 40(2): 77 - 83)
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".