Free flow over and under cylindrical weir-gates with a flow extender
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complex field of free flow around a cylindrical weir – gate with and without a flow extender is investigated experimentally. The effects of the gap between the channel bed and the cylinder on the discharge characteristics of the cylindrical weir-gate are studied. It is observed that the ratio of the gate to weir discharge increased non-linearly with the normalized opening height. Four triangular downstream extensions of the cylinder oriented at, θ = 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees were tested, and the minimum underflow to overflow discharge ratio was observed for θ = 10°. The highest improvement in discharge coefficients was 16% ± 6% for extender orientation angles of θ = 10°. The effects of opening height and extender angle on flow streamlines, pressure distribution, vortex strength, turbulent kinetic energy, and Reynolds stresses were investigated. A region of negative pressure was observed near the weir crest and the peak negative pressure increased with the opening height. The size and orientation of downstream wakes were measured, and it was found that the length of wakes varies from 0.30 to 1.06 times the diameter of the cylinder. The experiments showed that for a constant normalized opening height, the vortex center point formed further downstream as the upstream water head increased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".