Progression characteristics of motor symptoms and cognitive function in patients with motor subtype of Parkinson's disease: a 3-year longitudinal study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To explore the characteristics in motor symptoms development and cognitive function change in patients with different motor subtypes in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by retrospective longitudinal study. Methods A total of 78 patients with PD subtype and mild cognitive impairment diagnosed in the neurological department of our hospital from 2015 to 2019 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into tremor-dominant (TD) group (n=22), bradykinesia with slowness and impaired dexterity (BSID) group (n=29), and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) group (n=27). Their clinical data were collected in an interval of 3 years. The motor symptoms, activities of daily living, disease stages and changes of cognitive function of these PD patients were assessed by the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS)-Ⅱ and Ⅲ scores (UPDRS-Ⅱ and UPDRS-Ⅲ), Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage assessment scale, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scales. Results In the comparison of the baseline and follow-up data among the 3 groups, the UPDRS-Ⅱ and UPDRS-Ⅲ scores of the TD group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); the H-Y stage, UPDRS-Ⅱ, UPDRS-Ⅲ and MOCA scores of the BSID group were also obviously reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the H-Y stage, UPDRS-Ⅱ, UPDRS-Ⅲ and MOCA scores and total MMSE score of the PIGD group was notably decreased (P < 0.01). During the follow-up, the motor symptoms and cognitive function were lower in the BSID group and PIGD group than the TD group, with H-Y stage, UPDRS-Ⅱ, UPDRS-Ⅲ and MOCA scores and total MMSE scores significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The UPDRS-Ⅲ of PIGD group was significantly reduced than the BSID group (P < 0.05). Conclusion With the progression of the disease, the motor symptoms are deteriorated and cognitive functions are declined more rapidly in the PIGD and BSID subtypes, specially in the PIGD subtype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".