CHAPTER 14 Bilingual Health Care in Quebec: Public Policy, Vitality, and Acculturation Issues
Bibliographic record
Abstract
T he first part of this chapter offers the Interactive AcculturationModel (IAM), which provides an intergroup approach to minority/ majority group relations in multilingual settings.The ethnolinguistic vitality framework is the first element of the IAM as it describes the relative strength and weaknesses of linguistic communities in contact.Four language policies regulating the status of linguistic communities constitute the key second element of the IAM.Third, the acculturation orientations of minority and majority group speakers are described as they interact to yield harmonious, problematic or conflictual intergroup relations.As an application of the IAM, the second part of the chapter analyzes bilingual health care policies for official language minorities in Canada and Quebec.A detailed analysis of bilingual health care institutions serving the English-speaking communities of Quebec closes with a case study of a recent Quebec Government health care law that threatened to undermine the institutional vitality of the Anglophone minority of Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".