Tap and Bottled Water Consumption in a Higher Education Institution: Applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research study explores tap and bottled water consumption in a Portuguese public Higher Education Institution (HEI).Based on a sample of 413 valid responses, collected in an online survey that took place during the first quarter of 2022, and applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework, the present study achieved relevant results.It is observed a positive and significant influence of individuals` attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control in their intention to consume tap water, which has a positive and significant impact on tap water consumption behaviour.Nevertheless, it is identified the existence of an intentionbehaviour gap, revealing that individuals still consume bottled water, despite their willingness to drink more tap water.Increasing the scientific information on the individuals` behaviour regarding tap and bottled water consumption, allowing policy makers and educational institutions to adopt more effective measures and policies to change behaviours and promote more tap water consumption, thus avoiding the adverse environmental effects associated with the consumption of water in single use plastic bottles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".