Unified treatment of null and spatial infinity IV: angular momentum at null and spatial infinity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A bstract In a companion paper [1] we introduced the notion of asymptotically Minkowski spacetimes . These space-times are asymptotically flat at both null and spatial infinity, and furthermore there is a harmonious matching of limits of certain fields as one approaches i ° in null and space-like directions. These matching conditions are quite weak but suffice to reduce the asymptotic symmetry group to a Poincaré group $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}} $$ p i ° . Restriction of $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}} $$ p i ° to future null infinity $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{+} $$ I + yields the canonical Poincaré subgroup $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}}^{\textrm{bms}} $$ p i ° bms of the BMS group $$ \mathfrak{B} $$ B selected in [2, 3] and that its restriction to spatial infinity i °, the canonical subgroup $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}}^{\textrm{spi}} $$ p i ° spi of the Spi group $$ \mathfrak{S} $$ S selected in [4, 5]. As a result, one can meaningfully compare angular momentum that has been defined at i ° using $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}}^{\textrm{spi}} $$ p i ° spi with that defined on $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{+} $$ I + using $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}}^{\textrm{bms}} $$ p i ° bms . We show that the angular momentum charge at i ° equals the sum of the angular momentum charge at any 2-sphere cross-section S of $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{+} $$ I + and the total flux of angular momentum radiated across the portion of $$ {\mathcal{I}}^{+} $$ I + to the past of S . In general the balance law holds only when angular momentum refers to SO(3) subgroups of the Poincaré group $$ {\mathfrak{p}}_{i{}^{\circ}} $$ p i °
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".