Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extract © 2022 Andrea Geiger All rights reserved Set in Arno Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Manufactured in the United States of America The University of North Carolina Press has been a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Geiger, Andrea A. E., author. Title: Converging empires : citizens and subjects in the north Pacific borderlands, 1867-1945 / Andrea Geiger. Other titles: David J. Weber series in the new borderlands history. Description: Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, [2022] | Series: The David J. Weber series in the new borderlands history | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021054799 | ISBN 9781469659275 (cloth ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9781469641140 (paperback ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9781469667843 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Alaska Natives—Legal status, laws, etc. | Indigenous peoples—Legal status, laws, etc.—Canada. | Foreign workers, Japanese—Legal status, laws, etc.—Canadian-American Border Region. | Alaska—History—1867-1959. | Canadian-American Border Region—History—19th century. | Canadian-American Border Region—History—20th century. | Canadian-American Border Region—Race relations. | British Columbia—History. | United States—Foreign relations. | Japan—Colonies—Boundaries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.897 | 0.869 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".