Learning Empire: Globalization and the German Quest for World Status, 1875–1919, by Erik Grimmer-Solem
Bibliographic record
Abstract
How influential is academic scholarship? While many of us may strive to produce socially relevant work with a modest degree of ‘impact’, Erik Grimmer-Solem’s book focuses on a small group of scholars in Wilhelmine Germany who, it seems, greatly influenced German global politics up to and including the First World War. The book links the individual stories of these middle-class political economists with the ‘high politics’ of the likes of Tirpitz, Bülow, Kaiser Wilhelm II and the German foreign office (p. 21), demonstrating the remarkable salience of liberal imperial thought from the late nineteenth century through the First World War. Grimmer-Solem thus joins recent scholars in taking on the Fischer school, whose advocates have long claimed that a nationalist quest for Weltmacht and expansion rooted in Imperial Germany was responsible for the First World War as much as the Second. The author’s aim is ambitiously formulated: ‘a novel retelling of the entire history of the German Empire from a simultaneously local prosopographical and global perspective’ (p. 24). A tall order, indeed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".