Structural evolutions of MX80 bentonite pellet/powder mixtures under wetting and suction-controlled oedometer loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The compression behaviour of MX80 bentonite pellet/powder mixture was investigated by performing suction-controlled oedometer tests. The suction from 113 to 4.2 MPa was imposed by vapour equilibrium technique (VET), and zero suction by water circulation (WC). After instantaneously unloaded from various target vertical stresses, the structural observation was conducted by mercury intrusion porosimetry and micro-computed tomography. Results showed that during wetting, the intra-grain micro- and macro-pores increased due to the swelling of pellets and powder grains. During loading, the variation of intra-grain micro-pores was characterised by the loading effect, while that of intra-grain micro-pores was controlled by the suction and loading effects. The inter-grain pores, for the VET samples, were reduced by the swelling of pellets and powder grains during wetting on one hand, and by the movement of pellets and powder grains during loading on the other hand. For the WC samples, most inter-grain pores were closed during wetting, with a few pores in the top closed by further loading. The global compression of bentonite mixture samples during loading was mainly governed by the filling of inter-grain pores for the VET samples, but controlled by the compression of intra-grain pores for the WC samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".