A 15-kW Wide-Input Reconfigurable Three-Level DAB Converter for On-Board Charging of 1.25-kV Electric Vehicle Powertrains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The demand to reduce charging times and run-time losses in electric vehicles has created a push to increase battery pack’s voltage level. 800 V class vehicles in production are approaching the 1 kV voltage limit of the Combined Charging System (CCS) connector. New fast charging standards such as ChaoJi (CHAdeMO 3.0) and Megawatt Charging System (MCS) have voltages defined up to 1.5 kV and 1.25 kV, respectively. The SAE J3068 standard, focused on 3-Φ AC charging, recommends compatibility from 208/120Y to 600/347Y, resulting in a wide voltage variation of the power factor correction (PFC) stage’s DC link. This paper proposes a reconfiguration method of a neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter in a three-level dual active bridge (DAB) converter to accommodate the wide voltage swing. The reconfigurable three-level DAB converter (R3L-DAB) topology is introduced, and its modes of operation are presented. The steady-state analysis and its soft-switching criterion are discussed. A power loss model and design methodology are established to choose the switching frequency (fsw), turns ratio (n), and leakage inductance (Lk). Finally, the experimental results of a 15 kW R3L-DAB converter, with a power density of 3.25 kW/L and peak efficiency of 97.32% are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".