Editorial: Effect of overweight/obesity on early puberty and related chronic disease risk factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Editorial on the Research TopicEffect of overweight/obesity on early puberty and related chronic disease risk factors Clinical problemObesity is often defined as those with excessive or abnormal body fat that in turn contributes to associated comorbidities; some of these include; Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, autoimmunity, diabetes, some cancers (prostate, ovarian, breast and colon), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osteoarthritis (1-3).As a result, obesity is ranked as 5 th leading cause of death globally (1).The World Health Organization (WHO) report in 2016 indicated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (aged 5-19) quadrupled from 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016 (2).The exact cause of obesity is multifactorial, but it is the combined result of energy imbalance due to complex interactions between genetic and behavioural risk factors such as diet, physical activity, psychosocial factors (4).Childhood obesity typically associates with emerging medical problems such as the metabolic syndrome (MetS), puberty disorders, NAFLD, as well as sleep apnea during developmental stages (5).Importantly, we know that children with obesity are at higher risk of obesity in adulthood as well as future cardiometabolic diseases (6, 7).There are further implications to youth with obesity including the development of early social and emotional consequences (5, 8).Due to the importance of childhood obesity, Journal of Frontiers in Endocrinology has chosen to call this Research Topic to discuss recent findings in the area. Energy expenditure and physical activityReduced physical activity, especially in children, has been considered as one of the initiating factors contributing to increased prevalence of obesity (9).However, in this Research Topic Le et al. rightly voiced that the relation of physical activity with maintaining healthy weight during adolescence is complicated.For example, it remains to be resolved whether leisure-time physical Frontiers in Endocrinology frontiersin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".