Crybaby Candidates and <i>Apaleadores</i> : Manly Self-Restraint, Violence, and Ethnicity in Late Nineteenth-Century Guatemala City
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The cultivation of coffee and the Liberal Reforms of the 1870s instigated a transformation in the social composition of Guatemala City’s urban elite as rural and working-class ladinos rose to economic and political prominence. In response to this social mobility, criollo elites codified the precepts of hombría de bien, or proper manhood, in etiquette guides to distinguish themselves from ladinos, who they argued were characterized by rudeza or brashness. Contrary to criollo insistence, however, both they and ladinos prioritized self-restraint as the hallmark of their manliness. Where the two groups differed, however, was the constitution of self-restraint, especially concerning rage, cowardice, and the nature of violence. The political careers of Próspero Morales and José León Castillo provide examples of competing views of manliness during the 1890s. Crucially, the coffee depression during the closing years of the century signaled a shift toward ladino manliness as violence pervaded political life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".