Studying Gangs in Central and South America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract By accounting for the perspectives of gang members, qualitative studies in Central and South America have challenged the heavy reliance on secondary material that characterizes literature in the region, including moralized preconceptions of gangs. This chapter acknowledges this important contribution but argues that qualitative gang researchers must be more attuned to methodological reflections on their positionality, particularly how their gendered status informs every aspect of the research process and requires grappling consciously with gendered power relations. How researchers navigate gender dynamics influences the narratives shared by their interlocutors, as well as their research outcomes and the way they present their results. Drawing on insights gleaned from our respective studies on gangs in Central America, the chapter contends that failure to engage with questions of positionality will only reify the marginalization of women’s perspectives, the privileging of a male gaze, and the reinforcement of gender stereotypes on gangs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".